Computerized Identification of Mental State for Mental Health Care

Introduction Sebastian, a 30-year-old man, was just diagnosed with depression and is undergoing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) sessions on a weekly basis. As he goes about his daily routine, he wears a gadget that measures his physiological activity. His therapist enters his physiological data for the week into a computer software at the start of each CBT session. The computer compiles Sebastian's levels of happy and negative affect and pinpoints the times when these reactions peaked. The therapist utilizes this information to track Sebastian's development and dynamically customize the therapy, for as by asking Sebastian to recollect experiences that correlate to some of the emotion peaks

G81-558 Tall Fescue Lawn Calendar (Revised April 2004)

This NebGuide on tall fescue lawns discusses the calendar dates of when to mow, fertilize, water, apply herbicides and pesticides, check for insects and diseases, remove thatch, and when to aerify and overseed

Gratitude and Happiness: The Causes and Consequences of Gratitude

In this chapter, we review recent research on the relationship between gratitude and happiness. First, we show how gratitude is a critical component of the good life. Because gratitude is vital to wellbeing, it is important to establish the causes of state and trait gratitude. We explain an appraisal approach to grateful emotion and show how certain benefit interpretations are critical to the experience of gratitude. In this context, we describe an encouraging new paradigm that has been applied to the study of gratitude: cognitive bias modification. This experimental approach has helped to establish the causal status of interpretations to gratitude, and we describe how this methodology should help to understand gratitude in future research. Recent research on the cognitive antecedents of gratitude has shown that the nature of the benefactor matters to experiences of gratitude, and in this regard, a divine benefactor may create a unique experience of gratitude. Gratitude scholars have now turned to the question: How does gratitude enhance happiness? We present research and theories that have attempted to speak to this issue. Finally, we explore the question: Who benefits most from gratitude interventions? Research has supplied some surprising answers to this question

Photo-and thermoresponsive N-salicylideneaniline derivatives : solid-state studies and structural aspects

Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. CCDC 1899401, 1902658, 1966932, 1989369, 1989398, 1989403, 2014911, 2014914, 2019418, 2049690, 2049691, 2062423, 2157376, 2156456–2156467 and 2191107–2191119. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: https://doi. org/10.1039/d1nj03056f.N-Salicylideneaniline (SA) and its derivatives are known to possess chromism upon exposure to external stimuli. Herein, we present mechanochemical synthesis of a series of photo-and thermoresponsive SA-derivatives and report on solid-state stabilisation of their tautomeric forms either by change in temperature or by photoirradiation. The influence of UV light on proton transfer between the enol-imine (EI) and keto-amine (KA) forms was investigated at λ1 = 254 and λ2 = 365 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements provided extra information on the thermodynamic relationship between the prototropic tautomers, and their exposition to liquid nitrogen, combined with variable temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction (VT-SCXRD) and spectroscopic data, ascertained structural reasons for the intrinsic thermo-optical properties of the compounds. A series of structural determinations between 150 and 300 K further shed light on the thermomechanical behaviour exhibited by the thermoresponsive compounds. By virtue of calorimetry we were able to demonstrate proton transfer via the intramolecular O⋯N hydrogen bond over the temperature range 193–453 K. This present work demonstrates the importance of applying complementary analytical techniques and appropriate approaches for understanding the switching behaviour between the EI and KA forms. Furthermore, the assertion that it is predominantly the planarity (φ < 25°) that determines thermochromaticity is questioned.The National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa and Rhodes University Research Council.http://rsc.li/njchj2023Chemistr

Circumferential strain predicts major adverse cardiovascular events following an acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of circumferential left ventricular (LV) strain measured by using cardiac MRI for prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) following an acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Materials and Methods: Participants with acute STEMI were prospectively enrolled from May 11, 2011, to November 22, 2012. Cardiac MRI was performed at 1.5 T during the index hospitalization. Displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) and feature tracking of cine cardiac MRI was used to assess circumferential LV strain. MACE that occurred after discharge were independently assessed by cardiologists blinded to the baseline observations. Results: A total of 259 participants (mean age, 58 years ± 11 [standard deviation]; 198 men [mean age, 58 years ± 11] and 61 women [mean age, 58 years ± 12]) underwent cardiac MRI 2.2 days ± 1.9 after STEMI. Average infarct size was 18% ± 13 of LV mass and circumferential strain was −13% ± 3 (DENSE method) and −24% ± 7 (feature- tracking method). Fifty-one percent (131 of 259 participants) had presence of microvascular obstruction. During a median follow-up period of 4 years, 8% (21 of 259) experienced MACE. Area under the curve (AUC) for DENSE was different from that of feature tracking (AUC, 0.76 vs 0.62; P = .03). AUC for DENSE was similar to that of initial infarct size (P = .06) and extent of microvascular obstruction (P = .08). DENSE-derived strain provided incremental prognostic benefit over infarct size for prediction of MACE (hazard ratio, 1.3; P &lt; .01). Conclusion: Circumferential strain has independent prognostic importance in study participants with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction

Predictors of segmental myocardial functional recovery in patients after an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Objective: We hypothesized that Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) and feature-tracking derived circumferential strain would provide incremental prognostic value over the extent of infarction for recovery of segmental myocardial function. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-one patients (mean age 59 years, 73% male) underwent MRI 2 days post-ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 241 (92%) underwent repeat imaging 6 months later. The MRI protocol included cine, 2D-cine DENSE, T2 mapping and late enhancement. Wall motion scoring was assessed by 2-blinded observers and adjudicated by a third. (WMS: 1=normal, 2=hypokinetic, 3=akinetic, 4=dyskinetic). WMS improvement was defined as a decrease in WMS ≥ 1, and normalization where WMS = 1 on follow-up. Segmental circumferential strain was derived utilizing DENSE and feature-tracking. A generalized linear mixed model with random effect of subject was constructed and used to account for repeated sampling when investigating predictors of segmental myocardial improvement or normalization Results: At baseline and follow-up, 1416 segments had evaluable data for all parameters. Circumferential strain by DENSE (p &lt; 0.001) and feature-tracking (p &lt; 0.001), extent of oedema (p &lt; 0.001), infarct size (p &lt; 0.001), and microvascular obstruction (p &lt; 0.001) were associates of both improvement and normalization of WMS. Circumferential strain provided incremental predictive value even after accounting for infarct size, extent of oedema and microvascular obstruction, for segmental improvement (DENSE: odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals: 1.08 per −1% peak strain, 1.05–1.12, p &lt; 0.001, feature-tracking: odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals: 1.05 per −1% peak strain, 1.03–1.07, p &lt; 0.001) and segmental normalization (DENSE: 1.08 per −1% peak strain, 1.04–1.12, p &lt; 0.001, feature-tracking: 1.06 per −1% peak strain, 1.04–1.08, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Circumferential strain provides incremental prognostic value over segmental infarct size in patients post STEMI for predicting segmental improvement or normalization by wall-motion scoring

Delivering motivational interviewing early post stroke: standardisation of the intervention

Background We applied Motivational Interviewing (MI) techniques, early after stroke, to facilitate psychological adjustment to life post-stroke. In our trial, MI-plus-usual-care increased the likelihood of normal mood at 3-months post-stroke, compared to usual-care alone. Whilst appropriate training, manuals, and supervision may increase adherence to core principles of this complex intervention, unintended variability in implementation inevitably remains. We aimed to explore the impact of variability on participant outcome. Methods Using our trial data (411 participants), we explored variation in MI delivery, examining: therapist characteristics (stroke care expertise/knowledge, psychology training); MI content (fidelity to MI techniques assessed with Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity code, describing therapist behaviours as MI-consistent, MI-neutral or MI-inconsistent); and MI dose (number/duration of sessions). Results The four MI therapists (two nurses/two psychologists) had varying expertise and MI delivery. Across therapists, mean average session duration ranged 29.5–47.8 min. The percentage of participants completing the per-protocol four sessions ranged 47%–74%. These variations were not related to participant outcome. There were uniformly high frequencies (>99%) of MI-consistent and MI-neutral interactions, and low frequencies (<1%) of MI-inconsistent interactions. Conclusions Variation in therapist characteristics and MI dose did not affect participant outcome. These may have been tolerated due to high fidelity to MI principles

Social daydreaming and adjustment: an experience-sampling study of socio-emotional adaptation during a life transition

Estimates suggest that up to half of waking life is spent daydreaming; that is, engaged in thought that is independent of, and unrelated to, one’s current task. Emerging research indicates that daydreams are predominately social suggesting that daydreams may serve socio-emotional functions. Here we explore the functional role of social daydreaming for socio-emotional adjustment during an important and stressful life transition (the transition to university) using experience-sampling with 103 participants over 28 days. Over time, social daydreams increased in their positive characteristics and positive emotional outcomes; specifically, participants reported that their daydreams made them feel more socially connected and less lonely, and that the content of their daydreams became less fanciful and involved higher quality relationships. These characteristics then predicted less loneliness at the end of the study, which, in turn was associated with greater social adaptation to university. Feelings of connection resulting from social daydreams were also associated with less emotional inertia in participants who reported being less socially adapted to university. Findings indicate that social daydreaming is functional for promoting socio-emotional adjustment to an important life event. We highlight the need to consider the social content of stimulus-independent cognitions, their characteristics, and patterns of change, to specify how social thoughts enable socio-emotional adaptation

CP2K: An electronic structure and molecular dynamics software package - Quickstep: Efficient and accurate electronic structure calculations

CP2K is an open source electronic structure and molecular dynamics software package to perform atomistic simulations of solid-state, liquid, molecular, and biological systems. It is especially aimed at massively parallel and linear-scaling electronic structure methods and state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Excellent performance for electronic structure calculations is achieved using novel algorithms implemented for modern high-performance computing systems. This review revisits the main capabilities of CP2K to perform efficient and accurate electronic structure simulations. The emphasis is put on density functional theory and multiple post–Hartree–Fock methods using the Gaussian and plane wave approach and its augmented all-electron extension